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On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Barcelona Process, this report examines the various dimensions of Mediterranean integration in today’s context and provides policy recommendations for enhancing Mediterranean integration, beyond trade agreements. The report suggests enhancing growth through comprehensive trade reforms, while also fostering the mobility of workers through regularized migration schemes, as well as promoting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and cross-country public-private partnerships.

In parallel, the provision of regional public goods that benefit the whole region as well as more targeted initiatives aimed at protecting vulnerable income groups (refugees, unprotected children, unemployed, etc.) and less-favored geographic locations (remote, landlocked) will be necessary to reduce income disparities, in line with the goals of achieving social inclusion and territorial cohesion.