With the growing role of civil society and the implementation of ambitious reforms for decentralisation north and south of the Mediterranean, it is crucial to create institutions capable of ensuring the involvement of local actors in the decision making. From this perspective, is decentralization a tool for territorial cohesion? Aude Signoles, researcher at Sciences Po Aix answers this question. Interview conducted in the context of the regional debate “Territorial Cohesion and Inclusive Growth in a Mediterranean Region Undergoing Transition”.